Kule mihla, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesayensi kunye nethekhinoloji kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwinqanaba lezonyango, kukwakhatshwa kukuqaliswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango eziphambili, ezivelisa inani elikhulu lee-harmonics kula maziko onyango, nto leyo izisa ingozi enkulu. kukhuseleko lombane kunye nomsebenzi oqhelekileyo wezixhobo zonyango.Isixhobo sokuhluza esisebenzayo sibe sisixhobo esiphambili sokusombulula le ngxaki.
1.1 Izixhobo zonyango
Kukho inani elikhulu lamacandelo ombane we-elektroniki kwizixhobo zonyango, kwaye ezi zixhobo ziya kuvelisa inani elikhulu lee-harmonics ngexesha lomsebenzi, ezibangela ukungcola.Ezona zixhobo zixhaphakileyo yiMRI (isixhobo senuclear magnetic resonance), umatshini weCT, umatshini weX-reyi, iDSA(umatshini wokuchasana kwentliziyo) njalo njalo.Phakathi kwazo, i-RF pulse kunye nemagnethi etshintshanayo iveliswa ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-MRI ukuvelisa iresonance yenyukliya, kwaye zombini i-RF pulse kunye nemagnethi etshintshanayo iya kuzisa ungcoliseko lwe-harmonic.Ibhulorho yokulungisa i-high-voltage rectifier kumatshini we-X-ray iya kuvelisa i-harmonics enkulu xa isebenza, kwaye umatshini we-X-ray ngumthwalo wexeshana, i-voltage inokufikelela kumashumi amawaka e-volts, kwaye icala lokuqala i-transformer iya kwandisa umthwalo okhawulezayo we-60 ukuya kwi-70kw, eya kwandisa i-harmonic wave yegridi.
1.2 Izixhobo zoMbane
Izixhobo zokungenisa umoya kwizibhedlele ezifana ne-air conditioners, abalandeli, njl., kunye nezixhobo zokukhanyisa ezifana nezibane ze-fluorescent ziya kuvelisa inani elikhulu le-harmonics.Ukonga amandla, uninzi lwezibhedlele zisebenzisa iifeni zoguqulo rhoqo kunye nee-air conditioners.Isiguquli esiphindaphindwayo ngumthombo obaluleke kakhulu we-harmonic, izinga layo elipheleleyo lokugqwesa i-harmonic yangoku i-THD-i ifikelela ngaphezu kwe-33%, iya kuvelisa inani elikhulu le-5, i-7 yegridi yamandla yongcoliseko yangoku.Kwizixhobo zokukhanyisa ngaphakathi kwesibhedlele, kukho inani elikhulu lezibane ze-fluorescent, eziza kuvelisa inani elikhulu le-harmonic currents.Xa izibane ezininzi ze-fluorescent zixhunyiwe kwisigaba sesithathu somthwalo we-wire, umgca ophakathi uya kuhamba umbane omkhulu wesithathu we-harmonic.
1.3 Izixhobo zoNxibelelwano
Okwangoku, izibhedlele zilulawulo lwenethiwekhi yekhompyuter, oku kuthetha ukuba inani leekhompyuter, ukujongwa kwevidiyo kunye nezixhobo zomsindo zininzi, kwaye ezi ziyimithombo ye-harmonic.Ukongeza, iseva egcina idatha kwinkqubo yolawulo lwenethiwekhi yekhompyuter kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngamandla okugcina njenge-UPS.I-UPS kuqala ilungisa amandla amakhulu kwi-current ngqo, inxalenye yayo igcinwe kwibhetri, kwaye enye inxalenye iguqulelwe kumandla alawulwayo e-AC ngokusebenzisa i-inverter ukubonelela amandla kumthwalo.Xa i-terminal ye-mains inikezelwa, ibhetri inika amandla kwi-inverter ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo komthwalo.Kwaye siyazi ukuba i-rectifier kunye ne-inverter iya kusebenzisa i-IGBT kunye ne-PWM iteknoloji, ngoko i-UPS iya kuvelisa ezininzi ze-3, 5, 7 ze-harmonic zangoku emsebenzini.
2. Ubungozi be-harmonics kwizixhobo zonyango
Ukususela kule nkcazo ingentla, sinokufumanisa ukuba kukho imithombo emininzi ye-harmonic kwinkqubo yokusasazwa kwesibhedlele, eya kuvelisa inani elikhulu le-harmonics (kunye ne-3, 5, 7 i-harmonics njengeyona nto ininzi) kwaye ingcolise kakhulu igridi yamandla, ibangela iingxaki zomgangatho wamandla ezifana nokugqithisa kwe-harmonic kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-harmonic overload.Ezi ngxaki zinokuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zonyango.
2.1 Ubungozi be-harmonics kwisixhobo sokufumana imifanekiso
Ngenxa yempembelelo ye-harmonics, abasebenzi bezonyango bahlala befumana ukusilela kwezixhobo.Ezi ziphoso zingabangela iimpazamo zedatha, imifanekiso engacacanga, ilahleko yolwazi kunye nezinye iingxaki, okanye umonakalo wamacandelo ebhodi yesekethe, okubangela ukuba izixhobo zonyango azikwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.Ngokukodwa, xa ezinye izixhobo zokucinga zichatshazelwa yi-harmonics, izixhobo ze-elektroniki zangaphakathi zinokurekhoda ukuguquguquka kunye nokutshintsha imveliso, okuya kukhokelela ekudibaneni kwe-deformation okanye ukungacaci komfanekiso we-waveform, ekulula ukubangela ukuxilongwa kakubi.
2.2 Ubungozi be-harmonics kunyango kunye nezixhobo zokonga
Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ze-elektroniki ezisetyenziselwa unyango, kwaye isixhobo sotyando sisona sonakaliswe kakhulu yi-harmonics.Unyango lotyando lubhekiselele kunyango lwelaser, i-high-frequency electromagnetic wave, radiation, microwave, ultrasound, etc. yedwa okanye ngokubambisana notyando lwesintu.Izixhobo ezihambelanayo zixhomekeke kukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic, umqondiso wokuphuma uya kuba ne-clutter okanye ukhulise ngokuthe ngqo umqondiso we-harmonic, obangela ukuvuselela okunamandla kombane kwizigulane, kwaye kukho iingozi ezinkulu zokhuseleko xa uphatha ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo.Izixhobo zabongikazi ezifana ne-ventilators, i-pacemakers, i-ECG monitors, njl., zihlobene ngokusondeleyo kubomi babagadi, kwaye uphawu lwezinye izixhobo lubuthathaka kakhulu, olunokuthi lukhokelela ekuqokeleleni ulwazi olungachanekanga okanye ukusilela ukusebenza xa kuxhomekeke kwi-harmonic. ukuphazamiseka, kubangela ilahleko enkulu kwizigulane kunye nezibhedlele.
3. Amanyathelo olawulo lwe-Harmonic
Ngokwezizathu ze-harmonics, amanyathelo onyango anokwahlulwa ngokwezi ntlobo zintathu zilandelayo: ukunciphisa i-impedance yenkqubo, ukunciphisa umthombo we-harmonic, kunye nokufaka isixhobo sokucoca.
3.1 Nciphisa ukungasebenzi kwenkqubo
Ukufezekisa injongo yokunciphisa i-impedance yenkqubo, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa umgama wombane phakathi kwezixhobo zombane ezingabonakaliyo kunye nokunikezelwa kwamandla, ngamanye amazwi, ukuphucula inqanaba lombane wokubonelela.Ngokomzekelo, izixhobo eziphambili zentsimbi yi-arc furnace, eyayisebenzisa umbane we-35KV ekuqaleni, kwaye yamiselwa ngokulandelelana umbane okhethekileyo we-35KV ngezitishi ezimbini ze-110KV, kwaye icandelo le-harmonic laliphezulu kwibha yebhasi ye-35KV.Emva kokusetyenziswa komgama weekhilomitha ezi-4 kuphela i-220KV substation yabeka i-5 35KV umbane okhethekileyo wombane, i-harmonics ebhasini iphuculwe kakhulu, ukongeza kwisityalo kwakhona kusetyenziswa ijenereyitha enkulu ye-synchronous, ukuze umgama wombane kwezi nonlinear. imithwalo iyancipha kakhulu, ukwenzela ukuba isityalo sivelise ukunciphisa i-harmonic.Le ndlela inotyalo-mali inkulu, kufuneka ilungelelaniswe kunye nesicwangciso sophuhliso lwegridi yombane, kwaye ifanelekile kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso, kwaye izibhedlele zifuna unikezelo lwamandla oluqhubekayo olungaphazanyiswa, luqhutywa ngokubanzi zizitishi ezibini okanye ngaphezulu, ngoko ke le ndlela ayiyiyo. okubalulekileyo.
3.2 Ukunciphisa imithombo yolwazi
Le ndlela idinga ukutshintsha ukucwangciswa kwemithombo ye-harmonic, ukunciphisa imo yokusebenza yokuvelisa i-harmonics ngobuninzi obukhulu, kwaye ugxininise ekusebenziseni izixhobo ngokuhambelana kwe-harmonic ukukhansela enye kwenye.I-frequency ye-harmonics yeempawu zongezwa ngokunyusa inani lesigaba somguquleli, kwaye ixabiso elisebenzayo le-harmonic current liyancipha kakhulu.Le ndlela kufuneka ilungelelanise isekethe yezixhobo kwaye ilungelelanise ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ezinemida ephezulu.Isibhedlele sinokuhlengahlengisa kancinci ngokwemeko yaso, enokunciphisa inani le-harmonics ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.
3.3 Ukufakela isiXhobo seSihluzo
Okwangoku, kukho izixhobo ezibini ezixhaphakileyo zokucoca i-AC: isixhobo sokucoca ulwelo kunyeisixhobo sokuhluza esisebenzayo (APF).Isixhobo sokucoca, esaziwa ngokuba sisixhobo sokucoca iLC, sisebenzisa umgaqo we-LC resonance ukwenza ngokusemthethweni isebe le-resonance ukubonelela umjelo ophantsi kakhulu we-impedance kwinani elithile le-harmonics ukuba lihluzwe ngaphandle, ukuze lingatofwa. kwigridi yamandla.Isixhobo sokucoca i-passive inesakhiwo esilula kunye nesiphumo esicacileyo sokufunxa se-harmonic, kodwa sinqunyelwe kwi-harmonics yobuninzi bendalo, kwaye iimpawu zembuyekezo zinempembelelo enkulu kwi-impedance yegridi (kwi-frequency ethile, i-impedance yegridi kunye ne-LC. isixhobo sokucoca sinokuba neresonance ehambelanayo okanye uthotho resonance).Isixhobo sokuhluza esisebenzayo (APF) luhlobo olutsha lwesixhobo sombane sombane, esisetyenziselwa ukucinezela ii-harmonics kunye nokubuyekeza amandla asebenzayo.Inokuqokelela kwaye ihlalutye isignali yangoku yomthwalo ngexesha langempela, ihlukanise i-harmonic nganye kunye namandla asebenzayo, kwaye ilawule i-converter output kunye ne-harmonic kunye ne-reactive current amplitude elinganayo kunye nokubuyisela umva imbuyekezo yangoku ngokusebenzisa umlawuli ukucima i-harmonic yangoku kumthwalo, ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo yolawulo lweharmonic.Isihluzi esisebenzayoisixhobo sineenzuzo zokulandela ixesha langempela, ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza, imbuyekezo ebanzi (amandla asebenzayo kunye ne-2 ~ 31 i-harmonics inokuhlawulwa ngexesha elifanayo).
4 Ukusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo kwesixhobo sokuhluza esisebenzayo se-APF kumaziko ezonyango
Ngokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwemigangatho yokuphila kwabantu kunye nokukhawuleza ukuguga kwabantu, imfuno yeenkonzo zonyango ikhula ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye ishishini leenkonzo zonyango sele liza kungena kwixesha lokukhula ngokukhawuleza, kunye nommeli obaluleke kakhulu kunye nobalulekileyo kwishishini lezonyango. sisibhedlele.Ngenxa yexabiso elikhethekileyo lentlalontle kunye nokubaluleka kwesibhedlele, isisombululo sengxaki yomgangatho wamandla aso singxamisekile.
4.1 Ukhetho lwe-APF
Iinzuzo zolawulo lwe-harmonic, okokuqala, kukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu kwizigulane kunye nabasebenzi bezonyango, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa impembelelo embi yolawulo lwe-harmonic kwinkqubo yokusabalalisa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweenguqu kunye nezixhobo zonyango. ;Okwesibini, ibonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo izibonelelo zezoqoqosho, oko kukuthi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yembuyekezo ye-low-voltage capacitance, idlala indima yayo efanelekileyo, ukunciphisa umxholo we-harmonic kwigridi yamandla, kunye nokuphucula into yamandla, ukunciphisa ilahleko yamandla esebenzayo. , kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo.
Ukulimala kwe-harmonics kwishishini lezonyango likhulu kakhulu, inani elikhulu le-harmonics liya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezichanekileyo, kwaye inokubeka engozini ukhuseleko lomntu kwiimeko ezinzulu;Kwakhona kuya kwandisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla omgca kunye nokushisa komqhubi, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nobomi bezixhobo, ngoko ke ukubaluleka kokulawula i-harmonic kuyabonakala.Ngofakelo lweisihluzo esisebenzayoisixhobo, injongo yolawulo lwe-harmonic inokufezekiswa kakuhle, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwabantu kunye nezixhobo.Ngexesha elifutshane, ulawulo lwe-harmonics ludinga inani elithile lotyalo-mali lwenkunzi kwinqanaba lokuqala;Nangona kunjalo, ngokwembono yophuhliso lwexesha elide, i-APFisixhobo sokuhluza esisebenzayokukulungele ukugcina kwixesha elizayo, kwaye linokusetyenziswa ngexesha langempela, kunye neenzuzo zezoqoqosho eziziswa yiyo ukulawula i-harmonics kunye neenzuzo zentlalo zokuhlambulula igridi yamandla nazo zicacile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-30-2023